容器技術之Docker-machine

　　前文我們聊了下docker容器的資源限制，回顧請參考https://www.cnblogs.com/qiuhom-1874/p/13138725.html；今天我們來聊一聊docker machine；docker machine是docker 官方提供的工具，這個工具可以在不同主機/不同系統上快速安裝、管理docker環境；docker machine 的實現原理就是通過不同的驅動來連接不同類型節點，來實現docker machine管理不同平台上的docker環境；

　　docker machine 安裝

　　1、下載二進製程序文件到本地

[root@node1 ~]# base=https://github.com/docker/machine/releases/download/v0.16.0 &&
 >   curl -L $base/docker-machine-$(uname -s)-$(uname -m) >/tmp/docker-machine &&
 >   sudo mv /tmp/docker-machine /usr/local/bin/docker-machine &&
 >   chmod +x /usr/local/bin/docker-machine
   % Total    % Received % Xferd  Average Speed   Time    Time     Time  Current
                                  Dload  Upload   Total   Spent    Left  Speed
 100   638  100   638    0     0    590      0  0:00:01  0:00:01 --:--:--   590
 100 26.8M  100 26.8M    0     0  11911      0  0:39:24  0:39:24 --:--:-- 16907
 [root@node1 ~]# ll /usr/local/bin/docker-machine 
 -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 28164576 Jun 18 11:28 /usr/local/bin/docker-machine
 [root@node1 ~]# docker-machine version
 docker-machine version 0.16.0, build 702c267f
 [root@node1 ~]# 
 

　　提示：以上命令主要就做了三件事，下載對應系統的對應系統架構的docker-machine到本地/tmp/下，並保存為docker-machine;然後把/tmp/docker-machine移動至/usr/local/bin/下，然後給/usr/local/bin/docker-machine添加執行權限；如果下載完我們可以在終端運行docker-machine version 能夠看到對應的版本信息，就表示docker-machine安裝好了；docker-machine程序是安裝好了，現在我們還不能直接使用；我們上面說過docker-machine本質就是通過不同的驅動去連接節點，連接節點實際上就是通過ssh鏈到節點服務器上，然後執行安裝docker;所以為了能夠很好的使用docker-machine 我們需要對管理的節點做免密登錄；

　　2、管理節點對work節點做免密登錄

[root@node1 ~]# ssh-keygen 
 Generating public/private rsa key pair.
 Enter file in which to save the key (/root/.ssh/id_rsa): 
 /root/.ssh/id_rsa already exists.
 Overwrite (y/n)? y
 Enter passphrase (empty for no passphrase): 
 Enter same passphrase again: 
 Your identification has been saved in /root/.ssh/id_rsa.
 Your public key has been saved in /root/.ssh/id_rsa.pub.
 The key fingerprint is:
 SHA256:4HrdVnoO+W/+J/ewP4A1m8HnneKWAKMKo3Ad2uExJ1k root@node1
 The key's randomart image is:
 +---[RSA 2048]----+
 |                 |
 |      E          |
 |     o.     .    |
 |    B... o   = . |
 |   = B. S o + B o|
 |. oo+. o . * = o.|
 |... + o . * + =  |
 | .   o   . = +o+o|
 |            +++=B|
 +----[SHA256]-----+
 [root@node1 ~]# ssh-copy-id root@192.168.0.42
 /usr/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: Source of key(s) to be installed: "/root/.ssh/id_rsa.pub"
 The authenticity of host '192.168.0.42 (192.168.0.42)' can't be established.
 ECDSA key fingerprint is SHA256:EG9nua4JJuUeofheXlgQeL9hX5H53JynOqf2vf53mII.
 ECDSA key fingerprint is MD5:57:83:e6:46:2c:4b:bb:33:13:56:17:f7:fd:76:71:cc.
 Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yes
 /usr/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: attempting to log in with the new key(s), to filter out any that are already installed
 /usr/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: 1 key(s) remain to be installed -- if you are prompted now it is to install the new keys
 root@192.168.0.42's password: 
 
 Number of key(s) added: 1
 
 Now try logging into the machine, with:   "ssh 'root@192.168.0.42'"
 and check to make sure that only the key(s) you wanted were added.
 
 [root@node1 ~]# ssh-copy-id root@192.168.0.43
 /usr/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: Source of key(s) to be installed: "/root/.ssh/id_rsa.pub"
 The authenticity of host '192.168.0.43 (192.168.0.43)' can't be established.
 ECDSA key fingerprint is SHA256:EG9nua4JJuUeofheXlgQeL9hX5H53JynOqf2vf53mII.
 ECDSA key fingerprint is MD5:57:83:e6:46:2c:4b:bb:33:13:56:17:f7:fd:76:71:cc.
 Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yes
 /usr/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: attempting to log in with the new key(s), to filter out any that are already installed
 /usr/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: 1 key(s) remain to be installed -- if you are prompted now it is to install the new keys
 root@192.168.0.43's password: 
 
 Number of key(s) added: 1
 
 Now try logging into the machine, with:   "ssh 'root@192.168.0.43'"
 and check to make sure that only the key(s) you wanted were added.
 
 [root@node1 ~]
 

　　提示：有關免密登錄的詳細說明可以參考本人博客https://www.cnblogs.com/qiuhom-1874/p/11783371.html；接下來我們就可以使用docker-machine來對節點主機進行操作了；

　　對節點主機安裝docker環境

　　提示：以上命令表示創建一個docker-machine主機，使用generic驅動，generic表示對linux主機，如果是windows需要用到--virtualbox;--generic-ip-address表示指定節點主機的ip地址；然後在給上一名稱；從上面的信息可以看到，docker-node01這台machine已經啟動，它告訴我們要查看怎麼連接docker-node01這台虛擬主機，請運行docker-machine env docker-node01 查看；

　　查看怎麼連接docker-node01這台虛擬主機

　　提示：它告訴我們運行下面的命令可以配置我們的shell

　　提示：從上面的信息可以看到我們運行 eval $(docker-machine env docker-node01)這條命令就表示把環境切換到docker-node01上；接下來的操作都會發送到docker node01上；

 

　　提示：從上面的信息可以看到，當我們使用eval $(docker-machine env docker-node01)把當前環境切換到docker-node01后，在當前終端運行的容器和下載的鏡像，在退出當前終端重新登錄后，本地的是沒有nginx鏡像的；這意味着我們切換環境后，運行容器的操作上發送給docker-node01上執行了；

　　測試：我們登錄到docker-node01看看是否有nginx鏡像和n1容器？

　　提示：用docker-machine創建虛擬主機來對節點主機管理時，我們給定虛擬主機的名稱docker-machine會把該名稱當作主機名，把節點主機的主機名更改為我們指定的名稱；從上面的信息可以看到docker-node01這台主機上有nginx鏡像和n1容器；這說明我們剛才的操作都是發送給docker-node01上了；從上面的演示可以看到，我們在docker-machine上切換環境，當前shell並不能反映我們是否切換到對應的環境了；這樣一來在主機特別多的情況，很容易出錯；接下來我們配置當前shell的PS1的環境變量；

　　下載docker-machine-wrapper.bash、docker-machine-prompt.bash和docker-machine.bash

[root@node01 ~]# cat /etc/bash_completion.d/down.bash
 base=https://raw.githubusercontent.com/docker/machine/v0.16.0
 for i in docker-machine-prompt.bash docker-machine-wrapper.bash docker-machine.bash
 do
   sudo wget "$base/contrib/completion/bash/${i}" -P /etc/bash_completion.d
 done
 [root@node01 ~]# 
 

　　提示：以上腳本主要是循環下載上面說的三個腳本；執行該腳本直接有source命令即可；

　　提示：我們用source命令來執行上面的腳本，提示我們連接拒絕；這是因為沒有解析到raw.githubusercontent.com的地址造成的；解決辦法在/etc/hosts文件中介入raw.githubusercontent.com的解析地址即可；https://site.ip138.com/raw.githubusercontent.com/；這個網站可以查詢到raw.githubusercontent.com的地址；

　　提示：更改/etc/hosts文件后，接下在用source命令執行上面的腳本就不會提示我們鏈接拒絕了；

　　提示：可以看到/etc/bash_completion.d/目錄下有我們要的腳本了；接下來我們就需要配置當前用戶的PS1環境的值；

　　提示：以上信息表示導入上面的三個腳本到當前登錄用戶的終端；配置好以上.bashrc后，我們在來切換環境，當前shell就不一樣了；

　　提示：導入了docker-machine-wrapper.bash、docker-machine-prompt.bash和docker-machine.bash這三個腳本配合現在新定義的PS1變量，我們切換環境就很容易的辨識，我們操作的node節點主機是那一台；退出當前環境，直接使用exit即可；

　　到此docker-machine的環境就搭建好了；接下我們再來說說docker-machine的常用命令使用和說明

　　docker-machine active:查看當前激活狀態的docker主機

[root@node01 ~]# docker-machine active
 docker-node01
 [root@node01 ~]#
 

　　提示：所謂激活狀態的docker主機就是指的當前的DOCKER_HOST環境變量所指向的主機；

　　docker-machine ls：列出所有管理的主機

[root@node01 ~]# docker-machine ls
 NAME            ACTIVE   DRIVER    STATE     URL                       SWARM   DOCKER      ERRORS
 docker-node01   *        generic   Running   tcp://192.168.0.42:2376           v19.03.11   
 docker-node02   -        generic   Running   tcp://192.168.0.43:2376           v19.03.11   
 [root@node01 ~]# 
 

　　docker-machine config:查看激活的docker主機的連接信息；

[root@node01 ~]# docker-machine config docker-node01
 --tlsverify
 --tlscacert="/root/.docker/machine/machines/docker-node01/ca.pem"
 --tlscert="/root/.docker/machine/machines/docker-node01/cert.pem"
 --tlskey="/root/.docker/machine/machines/docker-node01/key.pem"
 -H=tcp://192.168.0.42:2376
 [root@node01 ~]# 
 

　　docker-machine inspect :以json格式輸出指定docker主機的詳細信息

[root@node01 ~]# docker-machine inspect docker-node01
 {
     "ConfigVersion": 3,
     "Driver": {
         "IPAddress": "192.168.0.42",
         "MachineName": "docker-node01",
         "SSHUser": "root",
         "SSHPort": 22,
         "SSHKeyPath": "",
         "StorePath": "/root/.docker/machine",
         "SwarmMaster": false,
         "SwarmHost": "",
         "SwarmDiscovery": "",
         "EnginePort": 2376,
         "SSHKey": ""
     },
     "DriverName": "generic",
     "HostOptions": {
         "Driver": "",
         "Memory": 0,
         "Disk": 0,
         "EngineOptions": {
             "ArbitraryFlags": [],
             "Dns": null,
             "GraphDir": "",
             "Env": [],
             "Ipv6": false,
             "InsecureRegistry": [],
             "Labels": [],
             "LogLevel": "",
             "StorageDriver": "",
             "SelinuxEnabled": false,
             "TlsVerify": true,
             "RegistryMirror": [],
             "InstallURL": "https://get.docker.com"
         },
         "SwarmOptions": {
             "IsSwarm": false,
             "Address": "",
             "Discovery": "",
             "Agent": false,
             "Master": false,
             "Host": "tcp://0.0.0.0:3376",
             "Image": "swarm:latest",
             "Strategy": "spread",
             "Heartbeat": 0,
             "Overcommit": 0,
             "ArbitraryFlags": [],
             "ArbitraryJoinFlags": [],
             "Env": null,
             "IsExperimental": false
         },
         "AuthOptions": {
             "CertDir": "/root/.docker/machine/certs",
             "CaCertPath": "/root/.docker/machine/certs/ca.pem",
             "CaPrivateKeyPath": "/root/.docker/machine/certs/ca-key.pem",
             "CaCertRemotePath": "",
             "ServerCertPath": "/root/.docker/machine/machines/docker-node01/server.pem",
             "ServerKeyPath": "/root/.docker/machine/machines/docker-node01/server-key.pem",
             "ClientKeyPath": "/root/.docker/machine/certs/key.pem",
             "ServerCertRemotePath": "",
             "ServerKeyRemotePath": "",
             "ClientCertPath": "/root/.docker/machine/certs/cert.pem",
             "ServerCertSANs": [],
             "StorePath": "/root/.docker/machine/machines/docker-node01"
         }
     },
     "Name": "docker-node01"
 }
 [root@node01 ~]# 
 

　　提示：以上命令也支持-f選項來指定格式，用法同docker image/container inspect 類似；

[root@node01 ~]# docker-machine inspect -f {{.HostOptions.AuthOptions.StorePath}} docker-node01
 /root/.docker/machine/machines/docker-node01
 [root@node01 ~]# docker-machine inspect -f {{.DriverName}} docker-node01                                      
 generic
 [root@node01 ~]# 
 

　　docker-machine ip :獲取指定docker主機的ip地址

[root@node01 ~]# docker-machine ip docker-node01
 192.168.0.42
 [root@node01 ~]# docker-machine ip docker-node02
 192.168.0.43
 [root@node01 ~]# 
 

　　docker-machine ssh :連接指定docker執行命令

[root@node01 ~]# docker-machine ssh docker-node01 "ip a"
 1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1
     link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
     inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
        valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
     inet6 ::1/128 scope host 
        valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
 2: ens33: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP group default qlen 1000
     link/ether 00:0c:29:91:99:30 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
     inet 192.168.0.42/24 brd 192.168.0.255 scope global ens33
        valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
     inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fe91:9930/64 scope link 
        valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
 4: docker0: <NO-CARRIER,BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state DOWN group default 
     link/ether 02:42:0f:e1:e0:f7 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
     inet 172.17.0.1/16 brd 172.17.255.255 scope global docker0
        valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
     inet6 fe80::42:fff:fee1:e0f7/64 scope link 
        valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
 [root@node01 ~]# 
 

　　docker-machine scp：在docker主機間以及docker主機和本地之間通過scp命令來遠程複製文件

[root@node01 ~]# echo "this is test file" > /tmp/test.txt
 [root@node01 ~]# cat /tmp/test.txt
 this is test file
 [root@node01 ~]# docker-machine scp /tmp/test.txt docker-node01:/root/
 test.txt                                                                                                                                 100%   18     5.4KB/s   00:00    
 [root@node01 ~]# docker-machine ssh docker-node01 "ls -l /root/"
 total 4
 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 18 Jun 19 11:26 test.txt
 [root@node01 ~]# docker-machine ssh docker-node01 "cat /root/test.txt"
 this is test file
 [root@node01 ~]# 
 

　　提示：同scp命令用法類似；

　　docker-machine rm：刪除指定名稱的docker主機對應的虛擬主機；

[root@node01 ~]# docker-machine ls
 NAME            ACTIVE   DRIVER    STATE     URL                       SWARM   DOCKER      ERRORS
 docker-node01   *        generic   Running   tcp://192.168.0.42:2376           v19.03.11   
 docker-node02   -        generic   Running   tcp://192.168.0.43:2376           v19.03.11   
 [root@node01 ~]# docker-machine rm docker-node02
 About to remove docker-node02
 WARNING: This action will delete both local reference and remote instance.
 Are you sure? (y/n): y
 Successfully removed docker-node02
 [root@node01 ~]# docker-machine ls
 NAME            ACTIVE   DRIVER    STATE     URL                       SWARM   DOCKER      ERRORS
 docker-node01   *        generic   Running   tcp://192.168.0.42:2376           v19.03.11   
 [root@node01 ~]# 
 

　　提示：docker-machine rm 只是刪除docker-machine上的虛擬主機，對於真正的物理節點上的docker環境並沒有刪除；實際上就切斷對指定docker主機的管控；

　　docker-machine upgrade:將指定主機的docker版本更新為最新

[root@node01 ~]# docker-machine upgrade docker-node01
 Waiting for SSH to be available...
 Detecting the provisioner...
 Upgrading docker...
 Restarting docker...
 [root@node01 ~]# docker-machine ls
 NAME            ACTIVE   DRIVER    STATE     URL                       SWARM   DOCKER      ERRORS
 docker-node01   *        generic   Running   tcp://192.168.0.42:2376           v19.03.11   
 [root@node01 ~]# 
 

　　提示：如果指定docker主機的版本已經是最新的版本，那麼它將不會再更新；

　　docker-machine url：獲取指定主機監聽URL

[root@node01 ~]# docker-machine url docker-node01
 tcp://192.168.0.42:2376
 [root@node01 ~]# 
 

　　提示：通過docker-machine安裝的docker環境，實際上就是把yum安裝的docker環境，客戶端和服務端分離了，各個節點就是各個服務端，而docker-machine就是同一的客戶端，因為客戶端和服務端不再同一主機，所以它會把docker監聽在一個TCP端口上，方便客戶端的來連接管理；

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Orignal From: 容器技術之Docker-machine