跳到主要內容

12.DRF-節流

Django rest framework源碼分析(3)----節流


添加節流


自定義節流的方法



  • 限制60s內只能訪問3次


(1)API文件夾下面新建throttle.py,代碼如下:


# utils/throttle.py

from rest_framework.throttling import BaseThrottle
import time
VISIT_RECORD = {} #保存訪問記錄

class VisitThrottle(BaseThrottle):
'''60s內只能訪問3次'''
def __init__(self):
self.history = None #初始化訪問記錄

def allow_request(self,request,view):
#獲取用戶ip (get_ident)
remote_addr = self.get_ident(request)
ctime = time.time()
#如果當前IP不在訪問記錄裏面,就添加到記錄
if remote_addr not in VISIT_RECORD:
VISIT_RECORD[remote_addr] = [ctime,] #鍵值對的形式保存
return True #True表示可以訪問
#獲取當前ip的歷史訪問記錄
history = VISIT_RECORD.get(remote_addr)
#初始化訪問記錄
self.history = history

#如果有歷史訪問記錄,並且最早一次的訪問記錄離當前時間超過60s,就刪除最早的那個訪問記錄,
#只要為True,就一直循環刪除最早的一次訪問記錄
while history and history[-1] < ctime - 60:
history.pop()
#如果訪問記錄不超過三次,就把當前的訪問記錄插到第一個位置(pop刪除最後一個)
if len(history) < 3:
history.insert(0,ctime)
return True

def wait(self):
'''還需要等多久才能訪問'''
ctime = time.time()
return 60 - (ctime - self.history[-1])

(2)settings中全局配置節流


#全局
REST_FRAMEWORK = {
#節流
"DEFAULT_THROTTLE_CLASSES":['API.utils.throttle.VisitThrottle'],
}

(3)現在訪問auth看看結果:



  • 60s內訪問次數超過三次,會限制訪問

  • 提示剩餘多少時間可以訪問



接着訪問



節流源碼分析


(1)dispatch


def dispatch(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
"""
`.dispatch()` is pretty much the same as Django's regular dispatch,
but with extra hooks for startup, finalize, and exception handling.
"""
self.args = args
self.kwargs = kwargs
#對原始request進行加工,豐富了一些功能
#Request(
# request,
# parsers=self.get_parsers(),
# authenticators=self.get_authenticators(),
# negotiator=self.get_content_negotiator(),
# parser_context=parser_context
# )
#request(原始request,[BasicAuthentications對象,])
#獲取原生request,request._request
#獲取認證類的對象,request.authticators
#1.封裝request
request = self.initialize_request(request, *args, **kwargs)
self.request = request
self.headers = self.default_response_headers # deprecate?

try:
#2.認證
self.initial(request, *args, **kwargs)

# Get the appropriate handler method
if request.method.lower() in self.http_method_names:
handler = getattr(self, request.method.lower(),
self.http_method_not_allowed)
else:
handler = self.http_method_not_allowed

response = handler(request, *args, **kwargs)

except Exception as exc:
response = self.handle_exception(exc)

self.response = self.finalize_response(request, response, *args, **kwargs)
return self.response

(2)initial


def initial(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
"""
Runs anything that needs to occur prior to calling the method handler.
"""
self.format_kwarg = self.get_format_suffix(**kwargs)

# Perform content negotiation and store the accepted info on the request
neg = self.perform_content_negotiation(request)
request.accepted_renderer, request.accepted_media_type = neg

# Determine the API version, if versioning is in use.
version, scheme = self.determine_version(request, *args, **kwargs)
request.version, request.versioning_scheme = version, scheme

# Ensure that the incoming request is permitted
#4.實現認證
self.perform_authentication(request)
#5.權限判斷
self.check_permissions(request)
#6.控制訪問頻率
self.check_throttles(request)

(3)check_throttles


裏面有個allow_request


def check_throttles(self, request):
"""
Check if request should be throttled.
Raises an appropriate exception if the request is throttled.
"""
for throttle in self.get_throttles():
if not throttle.allow_request(request, self):
self.throttled(request, throttle.wait())

(4)get_throttles


def get_throttles(self):
"""
Instantiates and returns the list of throttles that this view uses.
"""
return [throttle() for throttle in self.throttle_classes]

(5)thtottle_classes



內置節流類


上面是寫的自定義節流,drf內置了很多節流的類,用起來比較方便。


(1)BaseThrottle



  • 自己要寫allow_request和wait方法

  • get_ident就是獲取ip


class BaseThrottle(object):
"""
Rate throttling of requests.
"""

def allow_request(self, request, view):
"""
Return `True` if the request should be allowed, `False` otherwise.
"""
raise NotImplementedError('.allow_request() must be overridden')

def get_ident(self, request):
"""
Identify the machine making the request by parsing HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR
if present and number of proxies is > 0. If not use all of
HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR if it is available, if not use REMOTE_ADDR.
"""
xff = request.META.get('HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR')
remote_addr = request.META.get('REMOTE_ADDR')
num_proxies = api_settings.NUM_PROXIES

if num_proxies is not None:
if num_proxies == 0 or xff is None:
return remote_addr
addrs = xff.split(',')
client_addr = addrs[-min(num_proxies, len(addrs))]
return client_addr.strip()

return ''.join(xff.split()) if xff else remote_addr

def wait(self):
"""
Optionally, return a recommended number of seconds to wait before
the next request.
"""
return None

(2)SimpleRateThrottle


class SimpleRateThrottle(BaseThrottle):
"""
A simple cache implementation, that only requires `.get_cache_key()`
to be overridden.

The rate (requests / seconds) is set by a `rate` attribute on the View
class. The attribute is a string of the form 'number_of_requests/period'.

Period should be one of: ('s', 'sec', 'm', 'min', 'h', 'hour', 'd', 'day')

Previous request information used for throttling is stored in the cache.
"""
cache = default_cache
timer = time.time
cache_format = 'throttle_%(scope)s_%(ident)s'
scope = None #這個值自定義,寫什麼都可以
THROTTLE_RATES = api_settings.DEFAULT_THROTTLE_RATES

def __init__(self):
if not getattr(self, 'rate', None):
self.rate = self.get_rate()
self.num_requests, self.duration = self.parse_rate(self.rate)

def get_cache_key(self, request, view):
"""
Should return a unique cache-key which can be used for throttling.
Must be overridden.

May return `None` if the request should not be throttled.
"""
raise NotImplementedError('.get_cache_key() must be overridden')

def get_rate(self):
"""
Determine the string representation of the allowed request rate.
"""
if not getattr(self, 'scope', None):
msg = ("You must set either `.scope` or `.rate` for '%s' throttle" %
self.__class__.__name__)
raise ImproperlyConfigured(msg)

try:
return self.THROTTLE_RATES[self.scope]
except KeyError:
msg = "No default throttle rate set for '%s' scope" % self.scope
raise ImproperlyConfigured(msg)

def parse_rate(self, rate):
"""
Given the request rate string, return a two tuple of:
<allowed number of requests>, <period of time in seconds>
"""
if rate is None:
return (None, None)
num, period = rate.split('/')
num_requests = int(num)
duration = {'s': 1, 'm': 60, 'h': 3600, 'd': 86400}[period[0]]
return (num_requests, duration)

def allow_request(self, request, view):
"""
Implement the check to see if the request should be throttled.

On success calls `throttle_success`.
On failure calls `throttle_failure`.
"""
if self.rate is None:
return True

self.key = self.get_cache_key(request, view)
if self.key is None:
return True

self.history = self.cache.get(self.key, [])
self.now = self.timer()

# Drop any requests from the history which have now passed the
# throttle duration
while self.history and self.history[-1] <= self.now - self.duration:
self.history.pop()
if len(self.history) >= self.num_requests:
return self.throttle_failure()
return self.throttle_success()

def throttle_success(self):
"""
Inserts the current request's timestamp along with the key
into the cache.
"""
self.history.insert(0, self.now)
self.cache.set(self.key, self.history, self.duration)
return True

def throttle_failure(self):
"""
Called when a request to the API has failed due to throttling.
"""
return False

def wait(self):
"""
Returns the recommended next request time in seconds.
"""
if self.history:
remaining_duration = self.duration - (self.now - self.history[-1])
else:
remaining_duration = self.duration

available_requests = self.num_requests - len(self.history) + 1
if available_requests <= 0:
return None

return remaining_duration / float(available_requests)

我們可以通過繼承SimpleRateThrottle類,來實現節流,會更加的簡單,因為SimpleRateThrottle裏面都幫我們寫好了


(1)throttle.py


from rest_framework.throttling import SimpleRateThrottle

class VisitThrottle(SimpleRateThrottle):
'''匿名用戶60s只能訪問三次(根據ip)'''
scope = 'NBA' #這裏面的值,自己隨便定義,settings裏面根據這個值配置Rate

def get_cache_key(self, request, view):
#通過ip限制節流
return self.get_ident(request)

class UserThrottle(SimpleRateThrottle):
'''登錄用戶60s可以訪問10次'''
scope = 'NBAUser' #這裏面的值,自己隨便定義,settings裏面根據這個值配置Rate

def get_cache_key(self, request, view):
return request.user.username

(2)settings.py


#全局
REST_FRAMEWORK = {
#節流
"DEFAULT_THROTTLE_CLASSES":['API.utils.throttle.UserThrottle'], #全局配置,登錄用戶節流限制(10/m)
"DEFAULT_THROTTLE_RATES":{
'NBA':'3/m', #沒登錄用戶3/m,NBA就是scope定義的值
'NBAUser':'10/m', #登錄用戶10/m,NBAUser就是scope定義的值
}
}

(3)views.py


局部配置方法


class AuthView(APIView):
.
.
.
# 默認的節流是登錄用戶(10/m),AuthView不需要登錄,這裏用匿名用戶的節流(3/m)
throttle_classes = [VisitThrottle,]   . .

# views.py
from django.shortcuts import render,HttpResponse
from django.http import JsonResponse
from rest_framework.views import APIView
from API import models
from rest_framework.request import Request
from rest_framework import exceptions
from rest_framework.authentication import BaseAuthentication
from API.utils.permission import SVIPPremission,MyPremission
from API.utils.throttle import VisitThrottle

ORDER_DICT = {
1:{
'name':'apple',
'price':15
},
2:{
'name':'dog',
'price':100
}
}

def md5(user):
import hashlib
import time
#當前時間,相當於生成一個隨機的字符串
ctime = str(time.time())
m = hashlib.md5(bytes(user,encoding='utf-8'))
m.update(bytes(ctime,encoding='utf-8'))
return m.hexdigest()


class AuthView(APIView):
'''用於用戶登錄驗證'''

authentication_classes = [] #裏面為空,代表不需要認證
permission_classes = [] #不裏面為空,代表不需要權限
# 默認的節流是登錄用戶(10/m),AuthView不需要登錄,這裏用匿名用戶的節流(3/m)
throttle_classes = [VisitThrottle,]

def post(self,request,*args,**kwargs):
ret = {'code':1000,'msg':None}
try:
user = request._request.POST.get('username')
pwd = request._request.POST.get('password')
obj = models.UserInfo.objects.filter(username=user,password=pwd).first()
if not obj:
ret['code'] = 1001
ret['msg'] = '用戶名或密碼錯誤'
#為用戶創建token
token = md5(user)
#存在就更新,不存在就創建
models.UserToken.objects.update_or_create(user=obj,defaults={'token':token})
ret['token'] = token
except Exception as e:
ret['code'] = 1002
ret['msg'] = '請求異常'
return JsonResponse(ret)


class OrderView(APIView):
'''
訂單相關業務(只有SVIP用戶才能看)
'''

def get(self,request,*args,**kwargs):
self.dispatch
#request.user
#request.auth
ret = {'code':1000,'msg':None,'data':None}
try:
ret['data'] = ORDER_DICT
except Exception as e:
pass
return JsonResponse(ret)


class UserInfoView(APIView):
'''
訂單相關業務(普通用戶和VIP用戶可以看)
'''
permission_classes = [MyPremission,] #不用全局的權限配置的話,這裏就要寫自己的局部權限
def get(self,request,*args,**kwargs):

print(request.user)
return HttpResponse('用戶信息')

說明:



  • API.utils.throttle.UserThrottle 這個是全局配置(根據ip限制,10/m)

  • DEFAULT_THROTTLE_RATES --->>>設置訪問頻率的

  • throttle_classes = [VisitThrottle,] --->>>局部配置(不適用settings裏面默認的全局配置)


總結


基本使用



  • 創建類,繼承BaseThrottle, 實現:allow_request ,wait

  • 創建類,繼承SimpleRateThrottle, 實現: get_cache_key, scope='NBA' (配置文件中的key)


全局


   #節流
"DEFAULT_THROTTLE_CLASSES":['API.utils.throttle.UserThrottle'], #全局配置,登錄用戶節流限制(10/m)
"DEFAULT_THROTTLE_RATES":{
'NBA':'3/m', #沒登錄用戶3/m,NBA就是scope定義的值
'NBAUser':'10/m', #登錄用戶10/m,NBAUser就是scope定義的值
}
}

局部


throttle_classes = [VisitThrottle,]

所有代碼


認證、權限和節流


# MyProject/urls.py

from django.contrib import admin
from django.urls import path
from API.views import AuthView,OrderView,UserInfoView

urlpatterns = [
path('admin/', admin.site.urls),
path('api/v1/auth/',AuthView.as_view()),
path('api/v1/order/',OrderView.as_view()),
path('api/v1/info/',UserInfoView.as_view()),
]

#全局 settings.py
REST_FRAMEWORK = {
#認證
"DEFAULT_AUTHENTICATION_CLASSES":['API.utils.auth.Authentication',],
#權限
"DEFAULT_PERMISSION_CLASSES":['API.utils.permission.SVIPPermission'],
#節流
"DEFAULT_THROTTLE_CLASSES":['API.utils.throttle.UserThrottle'], #全局配置,登錄用戶節流限制(10/m)
"DEFAULT_THROTTLE_RATES":{
'NBA':'3/m', #沒登錄用戶3/m,NBA就是scope定義的值
'NBAUser':'10/m', #登錄用戶10/m,NBAUser就是scope定義的值
}
}

# API/models.py


from django.db import models

class UserInfo(models.Model):
USER_TYPE = (
(1,'普通用戶'),
(2,'VIP'),
(3,'SVIP')
)

user_type = models.IntegerField(choices=USER_TYPE)
username = models.CharField(max_length=32)
password = models.CharField(max_length=64)

class UserToken(models.Model):
user = models.OneToOneField(UserInfo,on_delete=models.CASCADE)
token = models.CharField(max_length=64)

# API/views.py

from django.shortcuts import render,HttpResponse
from django.http import JsonResponse
from rest_framework.views import APIView
from API import models
from rest_framework.request import Request
from rest_framework import exceptions
from rest_framework.authentication import BaseAuthentication
from API.utils.permission import SVIPPermission,MyPermission
from API.utils.throttle import VisitThrottle

ORDER_DICT = {
1:{
'name':'apple',
'price':15
},
2:{
'name':'dog',
'price':100
}
}

def md5(user):
import hashlib
import time
#當前時間,相當於生成一個隨機的字符串
ctime = str(time.time())
m = hashlib.md5(bytes(user,encoding='utf-8'))
m.update(bytes(ctime,encoding='utf-8'))
return m.hexdigest()


class AuthView(APIView):
'''用於用戶登錄驗證'''

authentication_classes = [] #裏面為空,代表不需要認證
permission_classes = [] #不裏面為空,代表不需要權限
# 默認的節流是登錄用戶(10/m),AuthView不需要登錄,這裏用匿名用戶的節流(3/m)
throttle_classes = [VisitThrottle,]

def post(self,request,*args,**kwargs):
ret = {'code':1000,'msg':None}
try:
user = request._request.POST.get('username')
pwd = request._request.POST.get('password')
obj = models.UserInfo.objects.filter(username=user,password=pwd).first()
if not obj:
ret['code'] = 1001
ret['msg'] = '用戶名或密碼錯誤'
#為用戶創建token
token = md5(user)
#存在就更新,不存在就創建
models.UserToken.objects.update_or_create(user=obj,defaults={'token':token})
ret['token'] = token
except Exception as e:
ret['code'] = 1002
ret['msg'] = '請求異常'
return JsonResponse(ret)


class OrderView(APIView):
'''
訂單相關業務(只有SVIP用戶才能看)
'''

def get(self,request,*args,**kwargs):
self.dispatch
#request.user
#request.auth
ret = {'code':1000,'msg':None,'data':None}
try:
ret['data'] = ORDER_DICT
except Exception as e:
pass
return JsonResponse(ret)


class UserInfoView(APIView):
'''
訂單相關業務(普通用戶和VIP用戶可以看)
'''
permission_classes = [MyPermission,] #不用全局的權限配置的話,這裏就要寫自己的局部權限
def get(self,request,*args,**kwargs):

print(request.user)
return HttpResponse('用戶信息')

# API/utils/auth/py

from rest_framework import exceptions
from API import models
from rest_framework.authentication import BaseAuthentication


class Authentication(BaseAuthentication):
'''用於用戶登錄驗證'''
def authenticate(self,request):
token = request._request.GET.get('token')
token_obj = models.UserToken.objects.filter(token=token).first()
if not token_obj:
raise exceptions.AuthenticationFailed('用戶認證失敗')
#在rest framework內部會將這兩個字段賦值給request,以供後續操作使用
return (token_obj.user,token_obj)

def authenticate_header(self, request):
pass

# utils/permission.py

from rest_framework.permissions import BasePermission

class SVIPPermission(BasePermission):
message = "必須是SVIP才能訪問"
def has_permission(self,request,view):
if request.user.user_type != 3:
return False
return True


class MyPermission(BasePermission):
def has_permission(self,request,view):
if request.user.user_type == 3:
return False
return True

# utils/throttle.py
#
# from rest_framework.throttling import BaseThrottle
# import time
# VISIT_RECORD = {} #保存訪問記錄
#
# class VisitThrottle(BaseThrottle):
# '''60s內只能訪問3次'''
# def __init__(self):
# self.history = None #初始化訪問記錄
#
# def allow_request(self,request,view):
# #獲取用戶ip (get_ident)
# remote_addr = self.get_ident(request)
# ctime = time.time()
# #如果當前IP不在訪問記錄裏面,就添加到記錄
# if remote_addr not in VISIT_RECORD:
# VISIT_RECORD[remote_addr] = [ctime,] #鍵值對的形式保存
# return True #True表示可以訪問
# #獲取當前ip的歷史訪問記錄
# history = VISIT_RECORD.get(remote_addr)
# #初始化訪問記錄
# self.history = history
#
# #如果有歷史訪問記錄,並且最早一次的訪問記錄離當前時間超過60s,就刪除最早的那個訪問記錄,
# #只要為True,就一直循環刪除最早的一次訪問記錄
# while history and history[-1] < ctime - 60:
# history.pop()
# #如果訪問記錄不超過三次,就把當前的訪問記錄插到第一個位置(pop刪除最後一個)
# if len(history) < 3:
# history.insert(0,ctime)
# return True
#
# def wait(self):
# '''還需要等多久才能訪問'''
# ctime = time.time()
# return 60 - (ctime - self.history[-1])

from rest_framework.throttling import SimpleRateThrottle

class VisitThrottle(SimpleRateThrottle):
'''匿名用戶60s只能訪問三次(根據ip)'''
scope = 'NBA' #這裏面的值,自己隨便定義,settings裏面根據這個值配置Rate

def get_cache_key(self, request, view):
#通過ip限制節流
return self.get_ident(request)

class UserThrottle(SimpleRateThrottle):
'''登錄用戶60s可以訪問10次'''
scope = 'NBAUser' #這裏面的值,自己隨便定義,settings裏面根據這個值配置Rate

def get_cache_key(self, request, view):
return request.user.username
本站聲明:網站內容來源於博客園,如有侵權,請聯繫我們,我們將及時處理

【其他文章推薦】



※教你寫出一流的銷售文案?



※廣告預算用在刀口上,台北網頁設計公司幫您達到更多曝光效益



※回頭車貨運收費標準



※別再煩惱如何寫文案,掌握八大原則!



※超省錢租車方案



※產品缺大量曝光嗎?你需要的是一流包裝設計!



Orignal From: 12.DRF-節流

留言

這個網誌中的熱門文章

強強聯手!攜手打造雲林縣Web3.0 領地方品牌進軍元宇宙

中華電信攜手國內最大Potato Media Web3.0社群共享平台,及品牌醫生果俐文創三方結合,透過經濟部「CBMP智慧雲遊跨域串連計畫」,協助品牌數位轉型,帶動品牌體驗情境、新商業模組升級與行動支付應用,第一站選在雲林縣當地原生消費品牌,打造社群消費循環,探索近期最夯的元宇宙新玩法。 Potato Media執行長顏宏霖表示,在CBMP計畫協助下,加上站內Web3.0資源,將快速協助雲林縣當地品牌升級轉型,幫助店家創造品牌價值,包含黑矸仔醬油、四代目麥芽酥、玉津烘焙坊、禪屋米胖工坊、YuDS沐耳飲、莫蒂精品巧克力、維野納複合式餐飲、頂雲咖啡、媽祖埔豆腐張、玉山碾米廠等,另外嘉義市麥麵、名香茗茶也等不及跨縣市加入,結合Potato Media站內活動,打造雲林專屬限定NFT道具與頭框,發行雲林扭蛋,體驗全新元宇宙新世界。 左起雲林縣計畫處處長李明岳、果俐文創執行長-陳郁涵、雲林縣議員周秀月、中華電信雲林營運處總經理張肇家、Potato Media執行長顏宏霖、LINE禮物代表睿鼎數位、12CMTaiwan行銷總監楊涵柔。(圖/由Potato Media提供) 此次Potato Media平台合作內容是店家會員註冊活動:首次註冊可得100積分 + 一顆扭蛋,店家推薦文章介紹,可領取店家消費優惠券,站內扭蛋禮物抽獎活動,獎項豐富:雲林限定禮品、雲林意象限定NFT道具與頭框,雲林幣扭一下APP政令大聲公獎勵活動,另外各種雲林美食伴手禮、住宿旅遊的店家,都可以使用行動支付或上LINE禮物平台實際體驗消費。 推薦評價好的 iphone維修 中心 擁有專業的維修技術團隊,同時聘請資深iphone手機維修專家,現場說明手機問題,快速修理,沒修好不收錢 產品缺大量曝光嗎?你需要的是一流 包裝設計 窩窩觸角包含自媒體、自有平台及其他國家營銷業務等,多角化經營並具有國際觀的永續理念。 雲林縣副縣長謝淑亞強調,此次計畫和Potato Media 合作,Potato Media 是一個在 2021 年 4 月正式發布的「區塊鏈 Web3.0 共享社群平台」,創作者和使用者都可以透過互動的機制,例如對文章點讚、留言與轉發分享,來獲取相對應比例的加密貨幣CFO(Potato Media 平台上的原生加密貨幣),跟Facebook、Instagram、YouTu...

要上網站行銷農產品,得經過市政府抽驗農藥殘留,檢驗合格才能上網行銷

台北網站設計      網頁設計公司     網站設計公司 食安五環為「源頭控管」、「重建生產管理履歷」、「提高查驗能力」、「加重生產者、廠商的責任」及「鼓勵、創造監督平臺」五大要環,除推動政府與市民消費者共同監督食品安全,更要從農場到餐桌,鏈結農村產業線,以網路社群為媒介,建立嘉義市農村網頁平台。活動現場介紹「農抵嘉」產銷網頁平台的內容,包含在地人文地產景,將景觀、產業、生態及文化等資訊整合、展現,更推廣在地農村農友優質、安全的農產品。要上「農抵嘉」網站行銷農產品,得經過市政府抽驗農藥殘留,檢驗合格才能上網行銷自己的農產品,嘉義市農友可以多利用,也提供店家採購管道。 「尚安心,農抵嘉」,透過「農抵嘉」產銷網頁平台,鏈結農村產業線並促進地產地消,從源頭管理食安,讓政府管理、民間參與,透過食安小教育,讓小朋友接觸農作物,與生產者互動,產生共鳴,一同攜手維護嘉義市的食安。記者會中也展示紅瓦厝社區所做的紅瓦窯烤,並有其他下埤花生等農產品,透過農場職人使「農特產品不只是農產品」,民眾可登入「農抵嘉」網頁http://chiayirural.com/index.asp瞭解更進一步的訊息。 網動廣告 參考資料:蕃新聞https://n.yam.com/Article/20171226529712 Orignal From: 要上網站行銷農產品,得經過市政府抽驗農藥殘留,檢驗合格才能上網行銷

IEA:疫情衝擊能源需求 但再生能源呈創紀錄成長_台中搬家公司

※ 台中搬家公司 教你幾個打包小技巧,輕鬆整理裝箱! 還在煩惱搬家費用要多少哪?台中大展搬家線上試算搬家費用,從此不再擔心「物品怎麼計費」、「多少車才能裝完」 摘錄自2020年11月10日中央社報導 國際能源總署(IEA)報告今天(10日)指出,武漢肺炎(COVID-19)疫情可能衝擊能源需求,但電力部門再生能源繼續以創紀錄速度成長。 IEA執行董事比羅爾(Fatih Birol)表示:「在2025年,再生能源將成為全球最大發電來源,預計將提供1/3的全球電力,終結煤炭50年來作為最大電力供應來源的地位。」 ※推薦 台中搬家公司 優質服務,可到府估價 台中搬鋼琴,台中金庫搬運,中部廢棄物處理,南投縣搬家公司,好幫手搬家,西屯區搬家 IEA關於再生能源的年度報告估計,儘管受到疫情干擾,今年的再生能源新發電容量可望創紀錄,達將近200GW(GW為十億瓦)。 能源轉型 國際新聞 再生能源 疫情看氣候與能源 本站聲明:網站內容來源環境資訊中心https://e-info.org.tw/,如有侵權,請聯繫我們,我們將及時處理 ※ 台中搬家公司 教你幾個打包小技巧,輕鬆整理裝箱! 還在煩惱搬家費用要多少哪?台中大展搬家線上試算搬家費用,從此不再擔心「物品怎麼計費」、「多少車才能裝完」 Orignal From: IEA:疫情衝擊能源需求 但再生能源呈創紀錄成長_台中搬家公司